H O L O N O M I C B R A I N T H E O R Y
"If the universe is holographic, then even the smallest fragment would reflect it's entirety."
The holonomic brain theory, originated by psychologist Karl Pribram and initially developed in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, is a model for human cognition that is drastically different from conventionally accepted ideas: Pribram and Bohm posit a model of cognitive function as being guided by a matrix of neurological wave interference patterns situated temporally between holographic Gestalt perception and discrete, affective, quantum vectors derived from reward anticipation potentials.
Pribram was originally struck by the similarity of the hologram idea and Bohm's idea of the implicate order in physics, and contacted him for collaboration. In particular, the fact that information about an image point is distributed throughout the hologram, such that each piece of the hologram contains some information about the entire image, seemed suggestive to Pribram about how the brain could encode memories. Pribram was encouraged in this line of speculation by the fact that DeValois and DeValois had found that "the spatial frequency encoding displayed by cells of the visual cortex was best described as a Fourier transform of the input pattern." This holographic idea led to the coining of the term "holonomic" to describe the idea in wider contexts than just holograms.
Lens-defined model of brain functionIn this model, each sense functions as a lens, refocusing wave patterns either by perceiving a specific pattern or context as swirls, or by discerning discrete grains or quantum units. David Bohm has said that if you take the lenses away, what you are left with is a hologram.
According to Pribram and Bohm, "future orientation" is the essence of cognitive function, which they have attempted to define through use of the Fourier theorem and quantum mechanical formulae. According to Pribram, the tuning of wave frequency in cells of the primary visual cortex plays a role in visual imaging, while such tuning in the auditory system has been well established for decades. Pribram and colleagues also assert that similar tuning occurs in the somatosensory cortex.
Pribram distinguishes between propagative nerve impulses on the one hand, and slow potentials (hyperpolarizations, steep polarizations) that are essentially static. At this temporal interface, he indicates, the wave interferences form holographic patterns.
Pribram has written, "What the data suggest is that there exists in the cortex, a multidimensional holographic-like process serving as an attractor or set point toward which muscular contractions operate to achieve a specified environmental result. The specification has to be based on prior experience (of the species or the individual) and stored in holographic-like form. Activation of the store involves patterns of muscular contractions (guided by basal ganglia, cerebellar, brain stem and spinal cord) whose sequential operations need only to satisfy the 'target' encoded in the image of achievement much as the patterns of sequential operations of heating and cooling must meet the setpoint of the thermostat."
[edit]Quantum dynamics of free willAccording to this theory, waveforms, within the matrix of a distributed system, allow fluctuations taking place to create new patterns, according to Pribram, and the resulting dynamic potential can then organize new foci of activity oriented to the precipitation of strategic planning and exercise of free will.
In a 1998 interview, Pribram addressed the understanding of cognitive potential, stating that, "(I)f you get into your potential mode, then new things can happen. But usually free will is conceived in terms of how many constraints are operating, and we have in statistics a notion of degrees of freedom. I think our will essentially is constrained, more or less. We have so many degrees of freedom, and the more degrees of freedom we have, the more we feel free, and we have freedom of choice."
These so-called "quantum minds" are still debated among scientists and philosophers, and there are actually a number of different theories—not one—that have been suggested. Notable proponents of various quantum mind theories are philosopher David Chalmers and mathematical physicist Roger Penrose. Cosmologist Max Tegmark is a notable opponent of the various quantum mind theories. Tegmark wrote the well-known paper, "Problem with Quantum Mind Theory," which demonstrates certain problems with Chalmers' and Penrose's ideas on the subject.
Holographic model of consciousness
The holographic model of consciousness says that consciousness is not stored in any special place in the brain, but throughout the brain and whenever the information is used, it is a selection taken from all sides, just as happens to the brain from outside hologram (5).
The results of research in different centers have shown that the brain structures analyzed sensory information through a complex mathematical analysis of temporal and spatial frequencies.
This statement immediately follows from the fact that reality may be different than the traditionally accepted, and hence, further follows that if reality were not distorted by our vision, we would know a world organized on the field frequency no space or time, consisting only of events, as postulated by the physicist Karl Pribram.
Another derivation of this new approach is that it is actually the brain's own representations, his abstractions, amounts to a state of the universe. Although the holographic model has evoked for investigative evidence has emerged the question of who looks at the hologram, "the ghost in the machine", the "who watches television," Crick about when a woman asked him as contained she who saw the world, and replied that "probably have somewhere in his head something like a TV," when he asked "Who was watching the TV?" highlighted the problem.
The "who looks" the hologram raises a dualistic previously described by Descartes, when he said the "conscience of his thoughts as he appealed to their environment." "I am aware of things around me, but who is aware of things in me to record my thoughts, who handled my mental pictures when I think of them?.
The philosopher Daniel Dennett, quoted by Nigel Thomas, called the issue the "problem of Hume", which posed an inner self -an homunculus-, which can not be equated with the external representations because such representations and its vicissitudes are a part of the entire person (6).
The phenomenon raises that external reality is a construct of the mind justified, not known as such, but inferred from direct objects of knowledge, which would be the sense impressions or appearances. These "appearances" arising from the constant activity of the understanding by acting on sensory data. The world of phenomena is one in which what is known is the way in which things appear, but not the way things are in themselves (7). Note for example as in some languages there are analogies between thing and thought in the English words thing-thing, think, think, or Ding-German thing, Denke (n)-think.
Hologrammatic beings every part of our body is a bridge with two orders: individual identity in contact with the secondary order, and the holonomy, that part of the whole. These structures each of us literally reflect all structures of the Universe, like the Buddhist allegory of Indra's net, which speaks of an endless plot threads running through the universe: the horizontal traverse space, and vertical time.
Every intersection of wires is an individual, and each individual is like a pearl, which in turn reflects the image of all others, and similarly, all reflections of the universe.
According to the thinker Rudolph Hofstadter, this has a resemblance with renormalized particles, so that each electron so attached virtual photons, positrons, neutrinos, muons, in each photon is virtual so electrons, pions, protons, neutrons, and thus on.
Arises then the analogy of a person reflected in the thinking of many others, who in turn are reflected, so also. The image of these situations could be represented by so-called "Augmented Transition Networks - ATN, in which each network would contain appeals to many others, creating a network virtual swarm around each ATN; thus ATN the process would reach a magnitude large (8). Similarly, Teilhard de Chardin refers to:
"The things have their inside. I am convinced that both views should be taken to join, and will soon do so in the physical type of phenomenology or generalized in both the domestic side of things as the design of the world will be taken into account. Otherwise, in my opinion, it is impossible to cover all the cosmic phenomena in a coherent explanation "
The German poet Rudolf Peyer in a fragment of the poem "Stormy Flight" by quoting the following excerpt, also evokes the concept holographic. Leaving to Peyer:
"Hängend nun / am senkblei Gottes / der unter dach der welt / mit dem Himmel / nach unten.
Hanging now / in the plumb line of God / under the roof of the world / the sky / down. "(9)
According to the holographic view of the physicist Karl Pribram, all sectors of the brain may participate in any representation, although he admits that certain regions play a more prominent role in certain functions. Just as it is possible superposition of many holograms can also be stacked in the brain an infinite number of images.
Although the holographic model has generated skepticism, some neuroscientists are sympathizing with the aim of Pribram to demonstrate that the nervous system is not limited to be a set of procedures for processing information and that there is a likelihood that some forms of knowledge are important disseminated widely throughout the brain. The psychologist Howard Gardner intelligence expert Eric Hart quotes about proposing a limited holography in order to avoid potholes holographic plot of a general explanation which refers to:
"What most intrigues scholars of the brain in relation to holography is your property distributed memory, where every fragment of the hologram says something about the proportions of the scene it represents, without any fragment is essential." (10)
All individuality is individuality in communion. Quoted by Wilber, Varela "relates to the notion of" structural coupling "the individuality of a biological system is relatively autonomous, but the form of autonomy emparajada structurally changing environment; to Varela that is to say now is that individuality the result of evolutionary communions.
The nervous system as part of an organism operates with structure determination, so that the structure of the medium can not specify the changes, but only trigger them. Although we as observers incidentally we have access to both the nervous system as the medium in which it operates, in some way describe the behavior of the organism as if from the functioning of the nervous system with representations of the environment or as an expression of any intent on achieving some goal, which this description, according to Varela & Maturana, does not reflect the operation of the nervous system itself but only have communicative value to us as observers (11).
Through the lens of the wilberian holons as wholes / parts, and according to Hosfstadter organizational levels, it "implies new entities ontologically beyond the elements of where her process of self-organization" (12).
There are many implications of the holographic paradigm: certain states of consciousness are more facilitators than others to achieve resonance with the primary order. Harmonious and coherent states of consciousness and feel love, empathy, unity, deep meditation, prayer, creativity, are, for example, states closest to holonomic.
Martin Buber
Crédito de imagen:
http://norbertoportugheiz.blogspot.com/2010/06/martin-buber-genio-del-humanismo-i.html
In human relationships the holonomic states can occur when a strong experience of love and empathy "permeates" ego boundaries that allow to be in resonance with the "other" and this "other" you "than" I " who is this "I" in the realm of "between", just as proposed by the philosopher Martin Buber.
Given these considerations, the holographic theory of the brain supports access to a state of consciousness that accesses the primary order in which it is possible to establish a genuine link with others to overcome the solitude and discourse in the category of "individual" in a community of "individuals" through a dialogic communication. This dialectical dialogue "I-Thou" reciprocity based subjects who speak in terms of the logic of identity that allows a harmonious, peaceful, without contradictions, paradoxes, and ambiguities chances.
Simultaneously, the permeability to order the advent of primary and harmonious state, thereby conserving the dialogue between individuals, to understand the metaphysical conception of personality, his love of the subject inherent in the relationship is worth the redundancy subjective, "that is characteristic psychology, sociology and other human sciences (13).
Pribram was originally struck by the similarity of the hologram idea and Bohm's idea of the implicate order in physics, and contacted him for collaboration. In particular, the fact that information about an image point is distributed throughout the hologram, such that each piece of the hologram contains some information about the entire image, seemed suggestive to Pribram about how the brain could encode memories. Pribram was encouraged in this line of speculation by the fact that DeValois and DeValois had found that "the spatial frequency encoding displayed by cells of the visual cortex was best described as a Fourier transform of the input pattern." This holographic idea led to the coining of the term "holonomic" to describe the idea in wider contexts than just holograms.
Lens-defined model of brain functionIn this model, each sense functions as a lens, refocusing wave patterns either by perceiving a specific pattern or context as swirls, or by discerning discrete grains or quantum units. David Bohm has said that if you take the lenses away, what you are left with is a hologram.
According to Pribram and Bohm, "future orientation" is the essence of cognitive function, which they have attempted to define through use of the Fourier theorem and quantum mechanical formulae. According to Pribram, the tuning of wave frequency in cells of the primary visual cortex plays a role in visual imaging, while such tuning in the auditory system has been well established for decades. Pribram and colleagues also assert that similar tuning occurs in the somatosensory cortex.
Pribram distinguishes between propagative nerve impulses on the one hand, and slow potentials (hyperpolarizations, steep polarizations) that are essentially static. At this temporal interface, he indicates, the wave interferences form holographic patterns.
Pribram has written, "What the data suggest is that there exists in the cortex, a multidimensional holographic-like process serving as an attractor or set point toward which muscular contractions operate to achieve a specified environmental result. The specification has to be based on prior experience (of the species or the individual) and stored in holographic-like form. Activation of the store involves patterns of muscular contractions (guided by basal ganglia, cerebellar, brain stem and spinal cord) whose sequential operations need only to satisfy the 'target' encoded in the image of achievement much as the patterns of sequential operations of heating and cooling must meet the setpoint of the thermostat."
[edit]Quantum dynamics of free willAccording to this theory, waveforms, within the matrix of a distributed system, allow fluctuations taking place to create new patterns, according to Pribram, and the resulting dynamic potential can then organize new foci of activity oriented to the precipitation of strategic planning and exercise of free will.
In a 1998 interview, Pribram addressed the understanding of cognitive potential, stating that, "(I)f you get into your potential mode, then new things can happen. But usually free will is conceived in terms of how many constraints are operating, and we have in statistics a notion of degrees of freedom. I think our will essentially is constrained, more or less. We have so many degrees of freedom, and the more degrees of freedom we have, the more we feel free, and we have freedom of choice."
These so-called "quantum minds" are still debated among scientists and philosophers, and there are actually a number of different theories—not one—that have been suggested. Notable proponents of various quantum mind theories are philosopher David Chalmers and mathematical physicist Roger Penrose. Cosmologist Max Tegmark is a notable opponent of the various quantum mind theories. Tegmark wrote the well-known paper, "Problem with Quantum Mind Theory," which demonstrates certain problems with Chalmers' and Penrose's ideas on the subject.
Holographic model of consciousness
The holographic model of consciousness says that consciousness is not stored in any special place in the brain, but throughout the brain and whenever the information is used, it is a selection taken from all sides, just as happens to the brain from outside hologram (5).
The results of research in different centers have shown that the brain structures analyzed sensory information through a complex mathematical analysis of temporal and spatial frequencies.
This statement immediately follows from the fact that reality may be different than the traditionally accepted, and hence, further follows that if reality were not distorted by our vision, we would know a world organized on the field frequency no space or time, consisting only of events, as postulated by the physicist Karl Pribram.
Another derivation of this new approach is that it is actually the brain's own representations, his abstractions, amounts to a state of the universe. Although the holographic model has evoked for investigative evidence has emerged the question of who looks at the hologram, "the ghost in the machine", the "who watches television," Crick about when a woman asked him as contained she who saw the world, and replied that "probably have somewhere in his head something like a TV," when he asked "Who was watching the TV?" highlighted the problem.
The "who looks" the hologram raises a dualistic previously described by Descartes, when he said the "conscience of his thoughts as he appealed to their environment." "I am aware of things around me, but who is aware of things in me to record my thoughts, who handled my mental pictures when I think of them?.
The philosopher Daniel Dennett, quoted by Nigel Thomas, called the issue the "problem of Hume", which posed an inner self -an homunculus-, which can not be equated with the external representations because such representations and its vicissitudes are a part of the entire person (6).
The phenomenon raises that external reality is a construct of the mind justified, not known as such, but inferred from direct objects of knowledge, which would be the sense impressions or appearances. These "appearances" arising from the constant activity of the understanding by acting on sensory data. The world of phenomena is one in which what is known is the way in which things appear, but not the way things are in themselves (7). Note for example as in some languages there are analogies between thing and thought in the English words thing-thing, think, think, or Ding-German thing, Denke (n)-think.
Hologrammatic beings every part of our body is a bridge with two orders: individual identity in contact with the secondary order, and the holonomy, that part of the whole. These structures each of us literally reflect all structures of the Universe, like the Buddhist allegory of Indra's net, which speaks of an endless plot threads running through the universe: the horizontal traverse space, and vertical time.
Every intersection of wires is an individual, and each individual is like a pearl, which in turn reflects the image of all others, and similarly, all reflections of the universe.
According to the thinker Rudolph Hofstadter, this has a resemblance with renormalized particles, so that each electron so attached virtual photons, positrons, neutrinos, muons, in each photon is virtual so electrons, pions, protons, neutrons, and thus on.
Arises then the analogy of a person reflected in the thinking of many others, who in turn are reflected, so also. The image of these situations could be represented by so-called "Augmented Transition Networks - ATN, in which each network would contain appeals to many others, creating a network virtual swarm around each ATN; thus ATN the process would reach a magnitude large (8). Similarly, Teilhard de Chardin refers to:
"The things have their inside. I am convinced that both views should be taken to join, and will soon do so in the physical type of phenomenology or generalized in both the domestic side of things as the design of the world will be taken into account. Otherwise, in my opinion, it is impossible to cover all the cosmic phenomena in a coherent explanation "
The German poet Rudolf Peyer in a fragment of the poem "Stormy Flight" by quoting the following excerpt, also evokes the concept holographic. Leaving to Peyer:
"Hängend nun / am senkblei Gottes / der unter dach der welt / mit dem Himmel / nach unten.
Hanging now / in the plumb line of God / under the roof of the world / the sky / down. "(9)
According to the holographic view of the physicist Karl Pribram, all sectors of the brain may participate in any representation, although he admits that certain regions play a more prominent role in certain functions. Just as it is possible superposition of many holograms can also be stacked in the brain an infinite number of images.
Although the holographic model has generated skepticism, some neuroscientists are sympathizing with the aim of Pribram to demonstrate that the nervous system is not limited to be a set of procedures for processing information and that there is a likelihood that some forms of knowledge are important disseminated widely throughout the brain. The psychologist Howard Gardner intelligence expert Eric Hart quotes about proposing a limited holography in order to avoid potholes holographic plot of a general explanation which refers to:
"What most intrigues scholars of the brain in relation to holography is your property distributed memory, where every fragment of the hologram says something about the proportions of the scene it represents, without any fragment is essential." (10)
All individuality is individuality in communion. Quoted by Wilber, Varela "relates to the notion of" structural coupling "the individuality of a biological system is relatively autonomous, but the form of autonomy emparajada structurally changing environment; to Varela that is to say now is that individuality the result of evolutionary communions.
The nervous system as part of an organism operates with structure determination, so that the structure of the medium can not specify the changes, but only trigger them. Although we as observers incidentally we have access to both the nervous system as the medium in which it operates, in some way describe the behavior of the organism as if from the functioning of the nervous system with representations of the environment or as an expression of any intent on achieving some goal, which this description, according to Varela & Maturana, does not reflect the operation of the nervous system itself but only have communicative value to us as observers (11).
Through the lens of the wilberian holons as wholes / parts, and according to Hosfstadter organizational levels, it "implies new entities ontologically beyond the elements of where her process of self-organization" (12).
There are many implications of the holographic paradigm: certain states of consciousness are more facilitators than others to achieve resonance with the primary order. Harmonious and coherent states of consciousness and feel love, empathy, unity, deep meditation, prayer, creativity, are, for example, states closest to holonomic.
Martin Buber
Crédito de imagen:
http://norbertoportugheiz.blogspot.com/2010/06/martin-buber-genio-del-humanismo-i.html
In human relationships the holonomic states can occur when a strong experience of love and empathy "permeates" ego boundaries that allow to be in resonance with the "other" and this "other" you "than" I " who is this "I" in the realm of "between", just as proposed by the philosopher Martin Buber.
Given these considerations, the holographic theory of the brain supports access to a state of consciousness that accesses the primary order in which it is possible to establish a genuine link with others to overcome the solitude and discourse in the category of "individual" in a community of "individuals" through a dialogic communication. This dialectical dialogue "I-Thou" reciprocity based subjects who speak in terms of the logic of identity that allows a harmonious, peaceful, without contradictions, paradoxes, and ambiguities chances.
Simultaneously, the permeability to order the advent of primary and harmonious state, thereby conserving the dialogue between individuals, to understand the metaphysical conception of personality, his love of the subject inherent in the relationship is worth the redundancy subjective, "that is characteristic psychology, sociology and other human sciences (13).
Denis Gabor discovered the mathematical principle of holography in 1947, based on the calculation of Leibnitz, to describe the three-dimensional photograph, but the demonstration of the holographic image had to wait until the creation of a laser. The holographic model of consciousness says that consciousness is not stored in any special place in the brain, but throughout the brain and whenever the information is used, it is a selection taken from all sides, just as happens to the brain from outside hologram. here are many implications of the holographic paradigm: certain states of consciousness are more facilitators than others to achieve resonance with the primary order. Harmonious and coherent states of consciousness and feel love, empathy, unity, deep meditation, prayer, creativity, are, for example, states closest to holonomic. In human relationships the holonomic states can occur when a strong experience of love and empathy "permeates" ego boundaries that allow to be in resonance with the "other".